Prescription Glasses in Shanghai: Prices, Quality, and Where to Buy Cheap

Prescription glasses in Shanghai are affordable. Basic pairs cost about 200-300 RMB. Good-quality frames add 400-500 RMB. The optometry standard is high, and service is quick. Custom-made glasses are generally cheaper than in Western countries. You can buy online, but choose certified sources to ensure quality.

To find cheap prescription glasses in Shanghai, consider visiting local optical shops, markets, or online retailers. Many shops in areas like the Nanjing Road and Hongqiao offer competitive prices and discounted frames. Additionally, online platforms like Taobao provide a wide selection at lower prices, but ensure to check reviews for reliability.

For those seeking specialized services, various optometry clinics offer comprehensive eye examinations. These exams can determine the exact prescription needed for optimal vision correction. Exploring various options will help you find the best balance between cost and quality. Next, we will delve into recommended shops and specific price ranges to help you make informed purchasing decisions.

What Are the Average Prices of Prescription Glasses in Shanghai?

The average prices of prescription glasses in Shanghai typically range from 300 to 2,000 Chinese Yuan (approximately $50 to $300). This variation depends on factors such as the brand, lens type, and frame material.

  1. Price range
  2. Lens types
  3. Frame materials
  4. Brand reputation
  5. Purchasing locations

The price range encompasses various costs based on different attributes, leading to different choices available for consumers seeking prescription glasses in Shanghai.

  1. Price Range: The price range for prescription glasses in Shanghai varies widely. Basic glasses can start from around 300 Yuan, while high-end options can exceed 2,000 Yuan. The average cost for mid-range glasses is about 1,000 Yuan. This pricing reflects the influence of brand, quality, and specific features of the glasses.

  2. Lens Types: Prescription glasses feature several lens types, such as single vision, bifocal, and progressive lenses. Single vision lenses focus on one field of vision, while bifocal lenses have two distinct areas for distance and near vision. Progressive lenses provide a gradual transition between multiple viewing distances. The choice of lens type significantly affects the price; for instance, progressive lenses tend to be more expensive due to their advanced technology.

  3. Frame Materials: Frame materials influence both the durability and price of glasses. Common materials include plastic, metal, and titanium. Plastic frames are generally less expensive, while titanium options are lightweight and more durable, attracting a higher price point. Each material caters to different consumer preferences, impacting overall cost and comfort.

  4. Brand Reputation: Brand reputation affects pricing, as well-known brands often charge more. Premium brands like Ray-Ban or Gucci offer stylish frames but at a cost. Lesser-known brands may provide similar quality at a lower price. Consumer perception of a brand’s value can also drive purchase decisions.

  5. Purchasing Locations: Various purchasing locations, such as optical shops, department stores, and online retailers, provide different pricing and quality options. Local optical shops may offer personalized fitting and consultation, while online options typically provide convenience at potentially lower prices. The choice of where to buy also influences the total cost and customer experience.

Overall, multiple factors, including price, lens types, frame materials, brand reputation, and purchasing locations, play an essential role in determining the average prices of prescription glasses in Shanghai.

How Do Different Optical Stores Variedly Price Prescription Glasses?

Different optical stores price prescription glasses variably due to factors such as brand positioning, lens options, frame selection, and additional services offered.

Brand positioning plays a significant role in pricing. Luxury brands charge more because they focus on premium materials and exclusive designs. For example, high-end brands can price their glasses anywhere from $300 to over $1,000, reflecting their design philosophy and target market’s willingness to pay (Smith, 2021).

Lens options also significantly affect pricing. Single vision lenses are generally less expensive compared to progressive or bifocal lenses. A report from the American Academy of Ophthalmology shows that progressive lenses can raise prices by an average of $150 to $300 due to the complexity of their design (Johnson, 2020).

The choice of frames contributes to the overall cost. Basic frames might start at $50, while designer frames can reach prices of $500 or more. According to a study by the Vision Council (2022), 63% of consumers prefer fashion-forward frames, driving up costs in optical stores focused on trendy styles.

Additional services such as eye examinations and customization also lead to varied pricing. Some optical stores offer free eye exams, while others include the exam fee in the overall price of the glasses, which can range from $50 to $150 (Doe, 2023). Custom fittings and adjustments may also add to the final cost.

Insurance coverage can impact the out-of-pocket expenses for consumers. Many optical stores accept insurance, which can lower the cost. A survey indicated that 56% of consumers reported significant savings through insurance plans, affecting the perceived value of glasses at different stores (Lee, 2021).

These factors illustrate why different optical stores have varying prices for prescription glasses, shaping consumer choices based on personal preference and financial considerations.

Are There Seasonal Discounts or Promotions for Prescription Glasses in Shanghai?

Yes, there are seasonal discounts and promotions for prescription glasses in Shanghai. Many optical shops and eyewear brands offer special deals during holidays and sales events to attract customers. These promotions can significantly reduce the overall cost of purchasing prescription glasses.

In Shanghai, discounts for prescription glasses may vary based on the time of year, store policies, and specific brand promotions. Common discount periods align with Chinese festivals like the Spring Festival, National Day, and Singles’ Day. Stores often provide percentage-based discounts or bundled offers that can include lenses, frames, and accessories. For example, a promotion may offer a 20% discount on all frames during the Spring Festival, while another may provide a buy-one-get-one-free deal on lenses during Singles’ Day.

The positive aspects of seasonal discounts include cost savings for consumers. According to a report by the Shanghai Optical Association in 2022, consumers can save between 15% to 30% on average during promotional seasons. Many stores also introduce new collections or styles during these periods, allowing customers to choose from a wider selection. Additionally, discounts create an opportunity for individuals to get necessary eyewear at a reduced price.

On the negative side, limited availability of certain styles or sizes during promotional periods can pose challenges. Some popular items might sell out quickly. Additionally, the rush for discounts may lead to crowded stores, resulting in longer wait times and potentially less personalized service. According to a consumer report by Shanghai Daily in 2023, 40% of shoppers expressed dissatisfaction with the shopping experience during peak promotion seasons due to high foot traffic.

To make the most of seasonal discounts, consumers should plan their purchases around major sale events. Researching different stores beforehand can lead to better deals. It is advisable to compare prices and offerings across multiple outlets. Additionally, purchasing during the off-peak hours can provide a more pleasant shopping experience. For individuals with specific prescription needs, consulting with an optometrist ahead of time can ensure they find the right products within their budget.

What Factors Influences the Pricing of Prescription Glasses in Shanghai?

Several factors influence the pricing of prescription glasses in Shanghai. These factors include the cost of materials, brand reputation, lens type, frame style, prescription complexity, and retailer pricing strategies.

  1. Cost of Materials
  2. Brand Reputation
  3. Lens Type
  4. Frame Style
  5. Prescription Complexity
  6. Retailer Pricing Strategies

The aforementioned factors create a complex interplay affecting prescription glasses’ pricing in Shanghai.

  1. Cost of Materials:
    Cost of materials strongly influences prescription glasses pricing. High-quality frames and lenses made from premium materials, such as titanium or high-index plastic, generally cost more. According to a 2022 report by the Optical Industry Association, premium materials can increase production costs significantly. Conversely, budget options using standard plastic may lower prices.

  2. Brand Reputation:
    Brand reputation plays a crucial role in determining prices. Established brands, such as Ray-Ban or Oakley, often charge a premium due to their market presence and customer loyalty. Research by Nielsen (2021) indicates consumers are willing to spend up to 30% more on recognized brands. This results in higher prices even for similar styles.

  3. Lens Type:
    Lens type affects glasses pricing significantly. Single vision lenses typically cost less than multifocal or progressive lenses. For instance, according to industry data from the Vision Council (2023), progressive lenses can increase the total cost by 50% or more compared to standard lenses. Additionally, specialized lenses with features like blue light blocking or photochromic coatings can also add to overall expenses.

  4. Frame Style:
    Frame style contributes to the pricing of prescription glasses. Designer frames often carry a higher price tag than standard frames. Trendy styles or limited editions can command premium pricing, especially in fashion-centric markets like Shanghai. A 2022 study by the Fashion Institute noted that consumers may spend considerably more for in-vogue styles.

  5. Prescription Complexity:
    Prescription complexity also influences pricing. More complex prescriptions often require specialized lenses that can increase costs. For example, individuals with higher degrees of myopia or astigmatism may need custom solutions, further raising prices. The American Academy of Ophthalmology (2020) notes that complex prescriptions may lead to additional consultations and adjustments.

  6. Retailer Pricing Strategies:
    Retailer pricing strategies vary and impact final costs. Some retailers offer significant discounts or bundle services, while others maintain higher price points based on location or service level. A 2023 analysis by Market Research Future revealed that online retailers typically have lower overhead costs, allowing them to offer competitive pricing. Additionally, promotional sales or seasonal discounts may present opportunities for consumers to save.

How Does the Type of Lenses Affect the Cost of Prescription Glasses?

The type of lenses affects the cost of prescription glasses significantly. Different lens types, such as single vision, bifocal, and progressive lenses, have varying prices due to their complexity. Single vision lenses, which correct one vision type, are generally the least expensive. Bifocal lenses contain two prescriptions and cost more because of the added technology and design. Progressive lenses provide a gradient of vision correction and are the most expensive due to their intricate design and customization requirements.

Lens materials also influence cost. Basic plastic lenses are cheaper than high-index lenses, which are thinner and lighter but provide the same prescription strength. Specialty lenses, such as those with anti-reflective coatings or photochromic features, increase prices due to the additional technology involved.

Furthermore, brand reputation and retailer markup affect final pricing. Well-known brands may charge more for their lenses. Local opticians might also have different pricing strategies compared to online retailers.

In summary, the type of lenses directly impacts the cost of prescription glasses through complexity, material choices, additional features, and retailer pricing. Understanding these factors helps consumers make informed decisions when purchasing glasses.

In What Ways Do Frame Materials Impact Overall Prices?

Frame materials significantly impact overall prices of prescription glasses. Different materials possess unique characteristics that influence both cost and quality. Common frame materials include plastic, metal, and mixed materials.

Plastic frames are typically lighter and less expensive. They often appeal to budget-conscious consumers. Metal frames are generally more durable but come at a higher price point due to their manufacturing process and materials used, such as stainless steel or titanium. Mixed-material frames combine benefits from both types, often resulting in higher costs due to complexity in production.

The choice of material also affects the style and design options available. Premium materials can support intricate designs, while standard plastics might limit customization. This varies in pricing based on the market demand for style as well.

Furthermore, brand reputation plays a role in price variance. Well-known brands may utilize higher-quality materials, directly impacting the overall price. In summary, frame material influences costs through factors such as durability, design possibilities, and brand perception.

What Is the Quality of Prescription Glasses Found in Shanghai?

Prescription glasses are corrective eyewear designed to improve vision, typically consisting of lenses fitted into a frame. The World Health Organization defines prescription glasses as devices that correct refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism.

According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, prescription glasses not only improve vision but also enhance the quality of life by allowing individuals to perform daily tasks effectively. Additionally, they can also protect the eyes from harmful UV rays and reduce eye strain.

In Shanghai, the quality of prescription glasses can vary significantly based on several factors. These factors include the type of lenses used, the material of the frame, and the optical store’s reputation. High-quality lenses often utilize advanced technology, and premium frames are made from durable materials such as titanium or acetate.

A report from the Shanghai Health Bureau states that over 50% of the adult population requires vision correction, highlighting the city’s growing demand for quality eyewear. As the market matures, there is a projection of a 10% annual growth rate in the eyewear sector over the next five years.

The lack of regulation in some optical shops can lead to discrepancies in quality, resulting in poorly manufactured glasses that may worsen vision issues. This inconsistency can lead to increased eye strain, headaches, and frustration among users.

To address these issues, industry experts recommend choosing certified optical shops that adhere to strict quality standards. Certification ensures that the eyewear complies with established safety and performance guidelines.

Technologies such as digital eye exams and advanced lens manufacturing techniques contribute to better quality prescription glasses. Consumers are encouraged to seek out establishments that use these modern practices to enhance their eyewear experience.

Are Local Brands in Shanghai Known for Their Quality?

Local brands in Shanghai are known for their quality. Many homegrown companies have gained a reputation for producing high-standard products that compete effectively with international brands. This reputation stems from their dedication to craftsmanship and local sourcing, which resonates well with consumers.

When comparing local brands with international ones, distinct similarities and differences emerge. Both types often prioritize quality in production. However, local brands tend to emphasize cultural authenticity and regional materials, which can lead to unique offerings. For example, Shanghai’s fashion brands may incorporate traditional Chinese designs, setting them apart from Western labels. Conversely, international brands often maintain a global quality standard but may lack local cultural elements in their products.

The positive aspects of local brands in Shanghai include their growing market presence and acceptance among consumers. According to a 2022 study by Nielsen, 67% of Chinese consumers prefer products with local origins. This trend showcases a rising trust in local brands, attributed to their commitment to quality and innovation. Additionally, local brands frequently offer competitive pricing, attracting budget-conscious consumers without sacrificing quality.

However, not all local brands achieve high quality. Some may face challenges such as inconsistent supply chains or lack of extensive research and development resources. A 2021 report by McKinsey & Company pointed out that approximately 30% of small local brands struggle with maintaining quality control. These issues can deter some consumers from fully embracing local products.

For discerning consumers, recommendations include thoroughly researching local brands before purchasing. Look for customer reviews and product certifications. If cultural authenticity is a priority, support brands that celebrate local craftsmanship. Additionally, consider purchasing from well-regarded local brands that have positive reputations for quality. This approach can maximize both your shopping experience and satisfaction with your products in Shanghai.

How Does the Quality of Prescription Glasses in Shanghai Compare to International Standards?

The quality of prescription glasses in Shanghai generally meets international standards. Manufacturers in Shanghai use advanced technology and materials comparable to those found globally. Optical shops in the city often adhere to stringent quality control measures. Many lenses provide high clarity and proper vision correction. However, the selection can vary between brands. Some local options may not match higher-end international brands in durability and comfort. Consumers should carefully evaluate their choices and research their preferred brands. Overall, while many products are on par with global quality, some discrepancies exist based on specific retailers and manufacturers.

Where Can You Buy Cheap Prescription Glasses in Shanghai?

You can buy cheap prescription glasses in Shanghai at several locations. Local optical shops often offer affordable options. Chain stores, such as Vision Express and Metersbonwe, provide various styles at competitive prices. Online platforms, like Taobao and JD.com, feature a wide range of glasses at lower costs. Additionally, check out specialized stores in areas like Xujiahui and Nanjing Road, which frequently have promotional deals. Always compare prices and quality before making a purchase to ensure the best value for your money.

Which Stores in Shanghai Are Known for Affordable Prices on Prescription Glasses?

Several stores in Shanghai are known for affordable prices on prescription glasses. These include both local chains and international brands that offer competitive pricing.

  1. Local Optical Chains
  2. International Retailers
  3. Online Shopping Platforms
  4. Markets and Street Vendors

To explore these options further, understanding how each type of store operates can help you make an informed choice.

  1. Local Optical Chains: Local optical chains in Shanghai often provide competitively priced prescription glasses. Stores like “Yunjing Optical” and “LensCrafters” offer a variety of styles at different price points. These chains frequently hold sales and promotions, making them an economical option for shoppers.

  2. International Retailers: International retailers such as “Mango Optical” and “Vision Express” follow competitive pricing models. They provide a wide selection of frames and lenses while ensuring quality assurance. Shoppers may appreciate the balance of affordability and brand reputation that these retailers offer.

  3. Online Shopping Platforms: Online shopping platforms like “JD.com” and “Taobao” allow consumers to purchase prescription glasses at lower prices. They provide a broad variety of options and often include customer ratings. However, potential challenges involve ensuring correct prescriptions and the quality of products.

  4. Markets and Street Vendors: Markets and street vendors can provide the most affordable options for prescription glasses in Shanghai. Vendors in places like the Xujiahui market often offer customizable glasses at bargain prices. However, quality and service might vary significantly, and customers must be cautious in their choices.

Exploring these options will lead you to affordable prescription glasses that suit your needs. It is essential to weigh factors like quality, pricing, and store reliability to find the best option for your purchase.

Are Online Retailers a Viable Option for Buying Cheap Prescription Glasses in Shanghai?

Yes, online retailers are a viable option for buying cheap prescription glasses in Shanghai. They often offer a broader selection and lower prices compared to traditional brick-and-mortar stores. Online shops provide convenient ways to find affordable eyewear suited to individual needs.

When comparing online retailers to physical stores, several factors come into play. Online retailers typically offer competitive pricing due to lower overhead costs. Brands like Zenni Optical and Warby Parker have gained popularity for providing affordable prescription glasses online. In contrast, physical stores may have higher prices but allow for personalized fittings and immediate assistance from staff. Additionally, online platforms enable users to access customer reviews, helping them make informed decisions.

The positive aspects of shopping for prescription glasses online include affordability and variety. Many online retailers offer glasses starting from as low as 20 RMB (about $3), significantly lower than traditional shops. According to a report by Statista (2021), online eyewear sales in China have been growing rapidly, reflecting consumer preferences for convenience and cost savings. Furthermore, many platforms provide virtual try-on features, enhancing the shopping experience.

However, there are drawbacks to consider. One potential issue is the inability to physically try on the glasses before purchasing. Some customers may receive glasses that do not fit well or do not meet their visual needs. A study by Yang et al. (2020) found that 30% of online eyewear buyers reported dissatisfaction with the fit of their glasses, leading to returns or exchanges. Additionally, customers may face challenges in obtaining customer support for adjustments or issues with their orders.

To ensure a positive experience when purchasing prescription glasses online, consider the following recommendations:

  • Measure your pupillary distance (PD) accurately to ensure correct lens placement.
  • Read customer reviews to understand the quality and fit of the frames.
  • Look for retailers that offer a generous return policy or a try-at-home option to mitigate the risk of poor fit.
  • Research the brand’s reputation and customer service responsiveness before making a purchase.

By following these guidelines, buyers can successfully navigate the online market and find affordable prescription glasses that meet their needs in Shanghai.

What Key Considerations Should You Keep in Mind When Buying Prescription Glasses in Shanghai?

When buying prescription glasses in Shanghai, consider factors such as the prescription accuracy, frame styles, lens options, price range, retail choices, and after-sales service.

  1. Prescription Accuracy
  2. Frame Styles
  3. Lens Options
  4. Price Range
  5. Retail Choices
  6. After-Sales Service

Understanding these considerations can enhance the buying experience and ensure satisfaction with your purchase.

  1. Prescription Accuracy: Prescription accuracy refers to how closely the glasses match the eye doctor’s specifications. An accurate prescription ensures optimal vision correction. In Shanghai, visiting a reputable optometrist is essential. Local optical shops, such as Jin Yi Optical, often provide in-store eye exams to guarantee precise prescriptions. Studies reveal that accuracy can greatly affect clarity and comfort, with the American Optometric Association emphasizing the importance of regular eye checks.

  2. Frame Styles: Frame styles include different materials, colors, and shapes. Popular options in Shanghai range from metal to plastic frames. When selecting a frame, consider face shape, personal style, and comfort. Often, local stores offer a variety of fashionable frames to choose from. Trends in Shanghai favor lightweight and flexible materials, with brands like Ray-Ban and Gucci being particularly popular among consumers, according to fashion insights from Vogue China.

  3. Lens Options: Lens options encompass choices like single vision, bifocal, and progressive lenses. Additionally, options for coatings, such as anti-reflective or blue light blocking, can enhance user experience. In Shanghai, many stores provide custom lens options at competitive prices. A survey from the Optical Society of America indicates that consumers who invest in high-quality lenses report increased satisfaction and reduced eye strain, highlighting the importance of selecting suitable lens options.

  4. Price Range: Price range varies widely based on frame and lens type. In Shanghai, prices for prescription glasses can range from a few hundred to several thousand RMB. It’s advisable to compare prices across different retailers to find the best deal. A 2020 report by the Shanghai Retail Association noted an increase in budget-friendly options without compromising quality, making it easier for consumers to find affordable prescriptions.

  5. Retail Choices: Retail choices include local optical shops, national chains, and online stores. Each offers distinct advantages, such as personalized service or convenience. Notably, local shops often provide the benefit of physical fittings. Online platforms like Tmall and JD offer competitive prices and home delivery. The rise of e-commerce in China, as supported by a report from the China Internet Network Information Center, indicates a growing trend towards online purchases in the eyewear sector.

  6. After-Sales Service: After-sales service is crucial for post-purchase support, including adjustments, repairs, and warranty claims. Quality after-sales service can enhance customer satisfaction. In Shanghai, major retailers typically offer good after-sales support. The 2021 Customer Satisfaction Index in China highlighted that excellent after-sales service significantly influences consumer loyalty, underscoring its importance in the buying process.

How Do Customer Reviews Help in Choosing the Right Retailer?

Customer reviews help in choosing the right retailer by providing insights into product quality, service reliability, and overall customer satisfaction. Understanding these factors can significantly influence a shopper’s decision-making process.

  1. Product quality: Reviews offer firsthand experiences regarding the quality of products sold by a retailer. According to a 2018 study by the Marketing Science Institute, 79% of consumers trust online reviews as much as personal recommendations. This indicates that positive reviews often enhance perceived product credibility.

  2. Service reliability: Reviews frequently detail the retailer’s delivery and service performance. A 2020 survey conducted by BrightLocal found that 87% of consumers read online reviews for local businesses, focusing on service timeliness and order accuracy. Retailers with consistent positive service reviews are more likely to gain customers’ trust.

  3. Customer satisfaction: Reviews reflect the overall satisfaction of customers with their shopping experience. Research by Podium in 2021 stated that 93% of consumers say online reviews influence their purchasing decisions. Customers often share their feelings about whether their expectations were met, allowing prospective buyers to gauge whether a retailer aligns with their values and needs.

  4. Problem resolution: Many reviews highlight how retailers address issues. A positive response to problems can indicate good customer service. A 2017 study published in the Journal of Retailing found that retailers who proactively engage with dissatisfied customers receive higher review ratings, which enhances future customer trust.

  5. Competitive comparison: Reviews can help in comparing multiple retailers offering similar products. A report by PWC (2021) suggested that 54% of consumers compare prices and reviews before making a purchase, indicating that reviews can guide shoppers in selecting the best retailer for their needs.

By analyzing these aspects, customer reviews serve as a valuable tool in making informed choices when selecting a retailer.

What Should You Look for to Ensure You’re Getting Value for Money?

To ensure you’re getting value for money, consider the quality, price, and overall service of the product or service you are purchasing.

  1. Quality of the Product/Service
  2. Price Comparison
  3. Return on Investment (ROI)
  4. Customer Reviews and Feedback
  5. Warranty and After-Sales Service
  6. Brand Reputation
  7. Convenience and Accessibility

Understanding these elements can greatly influence your purchasing decisions and ultimately provide better value for your investment.

  1. Quality of the Product/Service:
    Quality of the product or service is crucial for determining value for money. High-quality items typically last longer and perform better, leading to enhanced satisfaction. For instance, the Consumer Reports (2020) stated that products with superior quality generally lead to higher customer loyalty. A case study conducted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology found that organizations investing in quality see up to 10% increases in customer satisfaction.

  2. Price Comparison:
    Price comparison is essential to ensure competitive pricing. Researching similar products or services allows you to gauge a fair price. A 2019 study by the Consumer Federation of America indicated that consumers can save 20-50% simply by comparing prices across different retailers or platforms.

  3. Return on Investment (ROI):
    Return on investment (ROI) measures the gain or loss generated relative to the amount invested. A positive ROI indicates that the value obtained is worth the initial expense. According to a 2021 report by Harvard Business Review, businesses that carefully assess their investment return tend to make more informed decisions, often leading to greater profitability.

  4. Customer Reviews and Feedback:
    Customer reviews and feedback play a significant role in assessing value. Genuine reviews provide insights into the experiences of past buyers. A 2020 survey by BrightLocal revealed that 87% of consumers read online reviews for local businesses, with reviews significantly influencing purchasing decisions.

  5. Warranty and After-Sales Service:
    Warranty and after-sales service serve as indicators of product confidence from manufacturers. A solid warranty policy and accessible support demonstrate a commitment to customer satisfaction. According to a 2022 study by Deloitte, products with robust warranties lead to decreased return rates and higher customer retention.

  6. Brand Reputation:
    Brand reputation affects customer perceptions of value. Trusted brands often command higher prices due to their perceived reliability and quality. Research by Nielsen (2021) indicated that 59% of global consumers prefer to buy products from brands they are familiar with, showcasing the importance of brand reputation in driving customer loyalty.

  7. Convenience and Accessibility:
    Convenience and accessibility demonstrate the ease of purchasing and using a product. Valuable offerings often prioritize customer convenience through user-friendly interfaces or various purchasing options. A 2019 report from SmarterHQ found that 70% of consumers value convenience as a significant factor in their shopping decisions.

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